Yellow rumped warbler птица

Yellow-rumped Warbler

Yellow-rumped Warblers (Setophaga coronata) are impressive in the sheer numbers with which they flood the continent each fall. Shrubs and trees fill with the streaky brown-and-yellow birds and their distinctive, sharp chips. Though the color palette is subdued all winter, it is still spectacular to seek these birds out on their spring migration or on their breeding grounds. Spring molt brings a transformation, leaving them a dazzling mix of bright yellow, charcoal gray and black, and bold white.

Contents

Description [ ]

It is 5-6 in (13-15 cm) long. Four varieties exist: northern are «Myrtles» and have a white eyebrow, white throat and sides of neck. Northwestern birds, or «Audubon’s», have a yellow throat. Black-fronted Warblers, a subspecies occurring in central Central America have black around the eye and throat. Goldman’s Warblers, which are considered a separate species by the IOC World Bird List, have significantly more black than the rest of the subspecies; almost entirely black with patches of yellow and white throughout. The adult male is a slate grey bird with black streaks on its breast, a yellow patch on its head, flanks and rump, a white chin and belly, and two wing bars. The adult female is similar to the female, duller in color, mostly brown and white, and with matching yellow patches. The juvenile is similar to the adult female. In winter, the male becomes duller.

Voice [ ]

It has a variable song, a slow warble, usually rising or falling at the end in «Audubon’s», a musical trill in «Myrtles».

Behavior [ ]

This bird, which eats insects and berries, is a rare visitor to suet feeders. The female alone provides to the nest-building and egg incubation (which lasts about 12 days). Two annual broods are raised, and each clutch is made up of 4-5 white eggs with brown markings. The female is then joined by the male in feeding the young, which fledge in 10-12 days. In autumn, large flocks hundreds of birds leave their nesting grounds to migrate south.

Distribution and Habitat [ ]

These warblers breed in Canada and the northern United States, and winter in the southern US and in Mexico. They’re abundant in coniferous and mixed forests.

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Маленькая желтая птичка похожая на воробья (79 фото)

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Yellow-rumped Warbler Life History

Yellow-rumped Warblers spend the breeding season in mature coniferous and mixed coniferous-deciduous woodlands (such as in patches of aspen, birch, or willow). In the western U.S. and in the central Appalachian mountains, they are found mostly in mountainous areas. In the Pacific Northwest and the Northeast, they occur all the way down to sea level wherever conifers are present. During winter, Yellow-rumped Warblers find open areas with fruiting shrubs or scattered trees, such as parks, streamside woodlands, open pine and pine-oak forest, dunes (where bayberries are common), and residential areas. On their tropical wintering grounds they live in mangroves, thorn scrub, pine-oak-fir forests, and shade coffee plantations.Back to top

Food

Yellow-rumped Warblers eat mainly insects in the summer, including caterpillars and other larvae, leaf beetles, bark beetles, weevils, ants, scale insects, aphids, grasshoppers, caddisflies, craneflies, and gnats, as well as spiders. They also eat spruce budworm, a serious forest pest, during outbreaks. On migration and in winter they eat great numbers of fruits, particularly bayberry and wax myrtle, which their digestive systems are uniquely suited among warblers to digest. The habit is one reason why Yellow-rumped Warblers winter so much farther north than other warbler species. Other commonly eaten fruits include juniper berries, poison ivy, poison oak, greenbrier, grapes, Virginia creeper, and dogwood. They eat wild seeds such as from beach grasses and goldenrod, and they may come to feeders, where they’ll take sunflower seeds, raisins, peanut butter, and suet. On their wintering grounds in Mexico they’ve been seen sipping the sweet honeydew liquid excreted by aphids.Back to top

Nesting

Nest Placement

Yellow-rumped Warblers put their nests on the horizontal branch of a conifer, anywhere from 4 to about 50 feet high. Tree species include hemlock, spruce, white cedar, pine, Douglas-fir, and larch or tamarack. They may build their nests far out on a main branch or tuck it close to the trunk in a secure fork of two or more branches. Occasionally nest are built in a deciduous tree such as a maple, oak, or birch.

Nest Description

Females build the nest, sometimes using material the male carries to her. The nest is a cup of twigs, pine needles, grasses, and rootlets. She may also use moose, horse, and deer hair, moss, and lichens. She lines this cup with fine hair and feathers, sometimes woven into the nest in such a way that they curl up and over the eggs. The nest takes about 10 days to build. It’s 3-4 inches across and about 2 inches tall when finished.

Nesting Facts

Clutch Size:	1-6 eggs
Number of Broods:	1-2 broods
Egg Length:	0.7-0.8 in (1.7-2.1 cm)
Egg Width:	0.5-0.6 in (1.3-1.5 cm)
Incubation Period:	12-13 days
Nestling Period:	10-14 days
Egg Description:	White, speckled with brown, reddish-brown, gray, or purplish gray.
Condition at Hatching:	Helpless and naked with sparse brown down. Eyelids have dull white spots.

Behavior

Yellow-rumped Warblers flit through the canopies of coniferous trees as they forage. They cling to the bark surface to look for hidden insects more than many warblers do, but they also frequently sit on exposed branches and catch passing insects like a flycatcher does. In winter, Yellow-rumped Warblers join flocks and switch to eating berries from fruiting shrubs. Sometimes the flocks are enormous groups consisting entirely of Yellow-rumped Warblers. If another bird gets too close, Yellow-rumped Warblers indicate the infraction by holding the body horizontally, fanning the tail, and raising it to form a right angle with its body. When males court females, they fluff their feathers, raise their wings and the feathers of the crown, and hop from perch to perch, chipping. They may also make display flights in which they glide back and forth or fly slowly with exaggerated wingbeats. The Yellow-rumped Warbler’s flight is agile and swift, and the birds often call as they change direction.Back to top

Conservation

Yellow-rumped Warblers are common and widespread, and populations have held steady from 1966 to 2019, according to the North American Breeding Bird Survey. Partners in Flight estimates a global breeding population of 170 million and rates them 6 out of 20 on the Continental Concern Score, indicating a species of low conservation concern. Like many migrating birds, Yellow-rumped Warblers are frequently killed in collisions with radio towers, buildings, and other obstructions.

Credits

Dunne, P. (2006). Pete Dunne’s essential field guide companion. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, New York, USA.

Dunn, J. L., and K. L. Garrett (1997). A Field Guide to the Warblers of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, MA, USA.

Ehrlich, P. R., D. S. Dobkin, and D. Wheye (1988). The Birder’s Handbook. A Field Guide to the Natural History of North American Birds, Including All Species That Regularly Breed North of Mexico. Simon and Schuster Inc., New York, NY, USA.

Hunt, Pamela D. and David J. Flaspohler. (1998). Yellow-rumped Warbler (Setophaga coronata), version 2.0. In The Birds of North America (P. G. Rodewald, editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, New York, USA.

Partners in Flight. (2020). Avian Conservation Assessment Database, version 2020.

Sauer, J. R., D. K. Niven, J. E. Hines, D. J. Ziolkowski Jr., K. L. Pardieck, J. E. Fallon, and W. A. Link (2019). The North American Breeding Bird Survey, Results and Analysis 1966–2019. Version 2.07.2019. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD, USA.

Sibley, D. A. (2014). The Sibley Guide to Birds, second edition. Alfred A. Knopf, New York, NY, USA.

Stephenson, T. and S. Whittle (2013). The Warbler Guide. Princeton University Press, New Jersey, USA.

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Yellow-rumped Warbler

Flashing its trademark yellow rump patch as it flies away, calling check for confirmation, this is one of our best-known warblers. While most of its relatives migrate to the tropics in fall, the Yellow-rump, able to live on berries, commonly remains as far north as New England and Seattle; it is the main winter warbler in North America. Included in this species are two different-looking forms, the eastern ‘Myrtle’ Warbler and western ‘Audubon’s’ Warbler.

Photo Gallery

Feeding Behavior

Versatile in its feeding. Searches among twigs and leaves, and will hover while taking insects from foliage. Often flies out to catch flying insects. Will forage on ground, and will cling to tree trunks and branches. Males tend to forage higher than females during the breeding season. In winter, usually forages in flocks.

Eggs

4-5, sometimes only 3. Creamy white with brown and gray marks. Incubated usually by female, 12-13 days. Occasionally the male will cover the eggs. Young: Both parents feed nestlings. Young leave nest after 10-12 days, can fly short distances 2-3 days later. First brood probably fed mostly by male after fledging. Normally 2 broods per year.

Young

Both parents feed nestlings. Young leave nest after 10-12 days, can fly short distances 2-3 days later. First brood probably fed mostly by male after fledging. Normally 2 broods per year.

Diet

Insects and berries. Feeds on caterpillars, wasps, grasshoppers, gnats, aphids, beetles, and many other insects; also spiders. Feeds in winter on berries of bayberry, juniper, wax myrtle, poison ivy, and others. Can winter farther north than most warblers because it can digest the wax in berry coatings.

Nesting

During courtship, male accompanies female everywhere, fluffs his side feathers, raises his wings and his colorful crown feathers, calls and flutters. Nest: Placed 4-50′ above ground, usually on horizontal branch away from trunk of conifer, sometimes in deciduous tree; or sometimes in fork where branch meets trunk. Nest (built by female) is open cup made of bark fibers, weeds, twigs, roots; lined with hair and feathers in such a way as to curve over and partly cover the eggs.

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Migration

Migrates earlier in spring and later in fall than other warblers. The «Myrtle» form, mostly eastern, also winters commonly in streamside trees near coast in Pacific states. «Audubon’s» is a very rare stray in the East.

• All Seasons — Common
• All Seasons — Uncommon
• Breeding — Common
• Breeding — Uncommon
• Winter — Common
• Winter — Uncommon
• Migration — Common
• Migration — Uncommon

See a fully interactive migration map for this species on the Bird Migration Explorer.

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